Atelier 8, article 10


© From Dispatches AP, Reuters :
(IHT, April 16, 2001)

                                   Believed to Carry 180, Vessel Expected in Benin Remains
                                   out of Contact
 

                                   COTONOU, Benin The fate of some 180 presumed child slaves
                                   aboard a ship off the West African coast remained uncertain
                                   Sunday as authorities in Benin failed to make contact with the
                                   vessel, at sea for more than two weeks.

                                   "Our officials have tried several times to get in contact with this
                                   boat, but they have received no reply so far," a Cotonou port
                                   official said Sunday.

                                   "We are waiting, like all Beninois, for these poor children, but no
                                   boat is expected today, according to our department," he said.

                                   The children have been aboard the ship, the Nigerian-registered
                                   MV Etireno, in the Gulf of Guinea since March 30, when it set sail
                                   from Benin. It was prevented from docking in both Cameroon and
                                   Gabon, and was thought to be en route back to Cotonou after a
                                   round-trip of more than 2,000 kilometers (1,250 miles).

                                   The vessel left Douala, in Cameroon, on Thursday evening, and
                                   the Cotonou port official said authorities had been trying to contact
                                   the ship since Friday.

                                   The police in Benin said they had alerted neighboring West African
                                   countries about the ship. "Through Interpol, we have alerted our
                                   colleagues for cooperation," said Martin Cocou Degan, head of
                                   the police division fighting child trafficking. He added that "we've
                                   given them all the information about the boat."

                                   "The whole coast is under surveillance," he said.

                                   Despite international efforts to curb the trade, child slavery persists
                                   in West and Central Africa, from where European slave traders
                                   shipped millions of people to the Americas from the 16th to 19th
                                   centuries. Desperately poor parents are sometimes willing to give
                                   up their children for as little as $14 to smuggling rings that promise
                                   to educate them and find them jobs.

                                   Boys are then typically resold to cocoa and cotton plantations for
                                   as much as $340 in countries such as Gabon and Ivory Coast.
                                   Girls often end up as domestic workers or prostitutes.

                                   Conditions are harsh. Many children go unpaid and some may
                                   never see their parents again, aid workers say.

                                   Campaigners against child labor say the youngsters are often
                                   forced to work for up to 12 hours a day and sometimes subjected
                                   to physical and sexual abuse.

                                   Aid workers had reports from police in Douala, the last port to
                                   see the ship before it set out for Cotonou, that some children on
                                   board were sick.

                                   The United Nations Children's Fund has set up a center in
                                   Cotonou along with nongovernmental organizations and
                                   government authorities to receive the children on the ship.

                                   "We are very concerned," said Estelle Guluman of Unicef in
                                   Cotonou. "Reports from police authorities in Cameroon say there
                                   are many, many children on board and some of them are sick."

                                   "We don't know where the boat is, but conditions on board must
                                   be very bad. The ship was only expected to go to Gabon, so it
                                   didn't carry a lot of supplies. But instead of a four-day journey, it
                                   has been at sea for more than two weeks."

                                   The sea voyage from Cameroon to Benin normally takes two
                                   days, but the UN officials feared the captain might try to divert the
                                   vessel to another country to avoid arrest. Although the ship had
                                   refueled in Douala, it was unclear how long the fuel would last. It
                                   was also doubtful whether the passengers had enough food and
                                   water.

                                   Miss Guluman said government pledges to punish those guilty of
                                   trafficking in children could backfire and put the children on board
                                   at even more risk.

                                   "The captain knows full well that he will have to face the music
                                   when he gets back here," she said, "so he may have tried to
                                   offload the children in another port."

                                   She added there were unconfirmed reports the ship might head for
                                   Lagos, in Nigeria, where Unicef employees were on standby.

                                   Police authorities in Cotonou said they were in contact with their
                                   counterparts in Nigeria as well as in Togo, Ghana and Ivory
                                   Coast.

                                   The Benin information minister, Gaston Zossou, described the
                                   situation as shocking Saturday and vowed to punish those
                                   responsible.

                                   Port officials said the ship had been chartered by a Benin
                                   businessman and set sail for Gabon on March 30. One official said
                                   the ship was a trawler, but was normally used for transporting
                                   goods and was unlikely to be equipped with life jackets.

                                   First reports put the number of children on board at 250, but the
                                   Benin social and women's affairs minister, Ramatou
                                   Baba-Moussa, said she believed there were 180.

                                   A Benin cabinet minister said Sunday that authorities sought to
                                   question the businessman and two collaborators believed
                                   responsible for the ship's cargo. Miss Baba-Moussa said the
                                   Beninois businessman, identified as Staneslas Abatan, had been
                                   asked Sunday to return from Gabon, where he had apparently
                                   been waiting for the ship.

                                   Miss Baba-Moussa denied that the government knew about the
                                   human smuggling, but she did not rule out the possibility that
                                   shipping and port officials might be involved.

                                   "We will expect them to answer for this," she said.

                                   The Etireno's final destination remained uncertain. It had made
                                   regular trips from Benin to Gabon loaded with human cargo over
                                   the past five years, said Hadi Lai Landou, a senior official with the
                                   Benin state shipping firm. The company was contracted to provide
                                   docking and other services for the ship.

                                   Benin is one of the world's poorest nations while Gabon, a thinly
                                   populated, oil-producing nation to the southeast, is relatively
                                   wealthy by African standards.

                                   Mr. Landou said both countries' governments knew that
                                   unaccompanied minors were traveling on the boats in miserable
                                   conditions. Benin authorities deny the accusation. (AFP, Reuters,
                                   AP)

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